Applied Uses of Question Words｜How to Form Complex Questions

English question words (who, what, when, where, why, how) are frequently used to create basic questions.

However, in real conversation, we do not only ask simple questions such as “Who is he?” but also use extended expressions like “I don’t know what to do” or “Wherever I go…”.

In this lesson, I will explain how to use question words in more advanced ways, with detailed examples.

1. Review of Basic Question Words

First, let me review the basic question words and their meanings.

Unlike Yes/No questions, English question words focus on the content of the question.

2. Question Word + Infinitive (to + Verb)

When a question word is combined with “to + base form of a verb,” it means “how to do something” or “what to do”.

This structure can function as a noun clause, much like an indirect question. It is very useful in everyday conversation.

3. Question Word + ever (whoever, whatever, etc.)

By adding -ever to a question word, the meaning changes to “whoever, whatever, whenever, wherever”, often implying “no matter who/what/when/where”.

This form adds a nuance of unconditionality or universality. It is widely used in both spoken English and writing.

4. Indirect Questions with Question Words

In addition to asking directly, question words can also be used to form indirect questions, such as “Do you know…?” or “I wonder…”.

The word order is “Question Word + Subject + Verb,” not the usual question order with an auxiliary verb before the subject.

In real conversation, it is common to embed question words within sentences like this. Indirect questions are useful for polite inquiries and speculation.

5. Variations of How

Among question words, how has especially wide applications. Combined with other words, it specifies duration, distance, frequency, quantity, or price.

Examples:

In this way, how helps to make questions more specific.

6. Summary

Izumi

Author

「English Morning｜基礎から学ぶ英語講座」を運営している泉（Izumi）です。このサイトでは基礎から応用まで、英語の文法を解説しています。